The common cold is one of the most frequent viral infections, affecting millions of people every year. Although its symptoms can be bothersome, in most cases they do not require a doctor’s visit and disappear on their own in about a week.

The most common signs include nasal congestion, sore throat, sneezing, mild fever, and general discomfort. However, it is important to monitor its progression, as in some cases it can lead to secondary infections such as otitis or bronchitis.

If you want to know what to take to relieve cold symptoms, stay with this article: we explain the best treatments and tips to prevent its spread.

Causes and symptoms of the cold

As mentioned in the introduction, the cold is a viral infection caused by different types of viruses, mainly rhinovirus. It spreads easily through contact with contaminated surfaces or via droplets of saliva when coughing or sneezing.

Symptoms usually appear between 24 and 72 hours after exposure to the virus, and their duration varies for each person. Below, we list the most frequent symptoms and their approximate duration:

1. Nasal congestion  → 4 to 10 days
2. Runny nose →  4 to 7 days
3. Frequent sneezing→ 3 to 7 days
4. Sore throat → 1 to 4 days
5. Dry or productive cough → 7 to 14 days (may last longer)
6. Mild headache → 2 to 5 days
7. Low fever (under 38 °C) → 1 to 3 days (not always present)

Effective treatments for the cold

It is important to be clear that there is no quick cure for the cold nor a specific vaccine. The use of antibiotics is also not recommended, as they are only effective against bacterial infections and not viral infections.

Therefore, treatments focus on relieving symptoms and strengthening the immune system so the body can fight the infection as effectively as possible. Here are some of the best options:

Foods with zinc, vitamin C, and/or vitamin D:

Consuming foods rich in these nutrients helps strengthen the immune system. Some options include:

1. Vitamin C: oranges and other citrus fruits, as well as kiwis, strawberries, tomatoes, and green and red peppers.

1. Zinc: eafood, shellfish, pumpkin seeds, nuts (almonds, cashews, peanuts).

1. Vitamin D: fatty fish such as tuna, sardines, or anchovies, fortified dairy products, and mushrooms.

Echinacea supplements:

Echinacea is a plant with antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties that may reduce the duration and severity of colds by enhancing the immune system’s response to the virus and protecting cells from viral attacks.

Proper hydration:

When we catch a cold, it is essential to maintain hydration, as drinking enough fluids can help thin mucus, reduce nasal irritation during coughing, and improve breathing. It is recommended to consume water, broths, and caffeine-free teas, while avoiding alcohol and sugary drinks.

Use of humidifiers:

A cold-mist humidifier (preferable to a hot-mist one, which can accidentally cause burns) can relieve nasal congestion and reduce throat dryness, improving cough and mucus. It is recommended to use distilled water instead of tap water and to empty and clean the humidifier daily to prevent the growth of bacteria and mold.

Medications and pharmacological treatments:

To relieve cold symptoms, various treatments can be used:

1. Analgesics and antipyretics: Analgesics, such as paracetamol and ibuprofen, help relieve pain and inflammation; antipyretics like paracetamol are effective in reducing fever.

1. Nasal decongestants: Help temporarily clear the nose, although their use should not exceed 3 days, as prolonged use may cause rebound congestion.

1. Antihistamines: Can relieve some symptoms but will not shorten the duration of the cold. Even though they are available over the counter, it is recommended to consult a healthcare professional before taking them.

Infusions and teas:

Teas can relieve congestion, provide hydration, and soothe a sore throat. Some recommended options include:

1. Ginger and lemon tea: has anti-inflammatory and expectorant properties.

1. Honey and thyme infusion: ideal for calming cough.

1. Chamomile tea: helps relax and reduce throat inflammation.

1. Eucalyptus and mint infusion: opens the airways and relieves congestion.

Rest and general care:

Getting enough sleep allows the immune system to fight the virus effectively. It is also recommended to avoid sudden temperature changes and stay warm.

To further strengthen the body’s natural defenses, a good option is to include supplements such as Inmuno Forte, which combines ingredients like vitamin D, zinc, and vitamin C, known for their ability to reinforce the immune system against cold and flu symptoms.

How to prevent the cold and avoid contagion

Preventing the cold is essential to stop its spread and reduce the risk of infection. Adopting healthy habits, strengthening the immune system, and maintaining good hygiene are key to minimizing the chance of contagion. Some effective measures include:

1. Staying home when sick.
2. Washing hands with soap for 20 seconds, making sure to reach under the nails, and drying with a clean towel.
3. Hand sanitizers with at least 60% alcohol can be used when washing is not possible.
4. Disinfecting the environment: cleaning frequently touched surfaces (like faucet handles, door locks, and electronic devices) with a disinfectant.
5. Not sharing cups or utensils with others.
6. Using disposable tissues: once used, throw them away to avoid harboring viruses.
7. Covering nose and mouth when coughing or sneezing: coughing and sneezing expel tiny droplets full of viruses. Covering with the inside of the elbow prevents spread and keeps droplets on a surface others do not typically touch, minimizing contagion.

Possible complications of the cold

In most cases, the cold resolves without major complications. However, in some situations it may lead to more serious conditions such as:

1. Bronchitis: inflammation of the bronchi, causing persistent cough.

1. Ear infection: inflammation and fluid accumulation in the eardrum area, characterized by ear pain or fever after a common cold.

1. Pneumonia: serious lung infection requiring medical attention.

1. Sinusitis: inflammation of the sinuses, causing prolonged pain and congestion.

While the cold usually resolves on its own, it is essential to see a doctor if fever exceeds 38.5 °C, if there is difficulty breathing, persistent chest pain, swallowing problems, nausea, vomiting, or if symptoms persist for more than 10 days without improvement.

Frequently Asked Questions

Does cold weather cause colds?

Not directly. Colds are caused by viruses, but cold weather can weaken the immune system and make infection more likely.

What is the difference between flu and cold?

Flu is usually more severe, with high fever and extreme fatigue, while colds have milder, progressive symptoms.

Is it possible to catch a cold more than once in a short period?

Yes, there are over 200 viruses that cause colds, so it is possible to contract different strains in a short time.

Sources:

Common Cold: https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000678.htm

Foods rich in vitamin C:  https://www.cun.es/chequeos-salud/vida-sana/nutricion/alimentos-ricos-vitamina-c

Foods rich in zinc: https://www.cun.es/chequeos-salud/vida-sana/nutricion/alimentos-ricos-zinc

Foods rich in vitamin D: https://www.academianutricionydietetica.org/que-comer/alimentos-con-vitamina-d/

Echinacea https://www.msdmanuals.com/es/hogar/temas-especiales/complementos-diet%C3%A9ticos-y-vitaminas/hierba-equin%C3%A1cea

Proper hydration: https://www.latam.abbott/corpnewsroom/nutrition-health-and-wellness/como-la-hidratacion-puede-ayudarte-en-la-recuperacion-por-un-virus.html#:~:text=La%20hidrataci%C3%B3n%20adecuada%20puede%20ayudar,estornudos%20o%20simplemente%20al%20respirar.

Humidifier: https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002104.htm

Cold remedies: https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/common-cold/in-depth/cold-remedies/art-20046403

Common cold, prevention, complications:  https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/common-cold/symptoms-causes/syc-20351605