Pain after urinating is a common complaint among many women and may be related to various conditions affecting the urinary and genital tracts. This pain may manifest as a burning sensation, stinging, or pressure in the bladder, and is often associated with urinary tract infections, cystitis, or inflammation in the vaginal area.

In this article, we will explain the most common causes of this condition, the related symptoms, and the best treatment and prevention options.

Possible causes of pain when urinating

Pain when finishing urination in women can be caused by different conditions and is not always linked to a urinary tract infection.

It is important to pay attention to other symptoms such as burning, urinary frequency, or changes in the appearance of urine, as they may provide clues about the cause of the pain. Below, we detail the most common causes and their characteristics.

Cystitis (bladder):

Cystitis is an inflammation of the bladder, usually caused by a bacterial infection. This is one of the most common reasons for pain when urinating in women, and can be aggravated by sexual activity, the use of certain contraceptives, and hormonal changes, such as those that occur during the menopause.

Not all cases of cystitis have the same cause, so it is important to know how to differentiate between them:

1. Bacterial cystitis: This is the most common form and occurs when bacteria, usually Escherichia coli (E. coli), enter the bladder and cause an infection.

1. Non-infectious or recurrent cystitis: It may be caused by exposure to irritants such as feminine hygiene products, radiotherapy, or certain medications.

1. Interstitial cystitis: Also known as painful bladder syndrome, this is a chronic condition characterised by inflammation of the bladder wall without the presence of bacterial infection, making its origin more difficult to identify.

During menopause, women are particularly prone to cystitis due to the drop in oestrogen levels. To combat this and alleviate symptoms, it is essential to strengthen the health of the lower urinary tract. Supplements such as Cistibalance Forte They can be an excellent option, as they combine active ingredients that help prevent urinary discomfort and are fully compatible with medical treatments for cystitis.

Cervicitis (cervix or cervix of the uterus):

Cervicitis is an inflammation of the cervix, usually caused by sexually transmitted infections, allergic reactions, or chemical irritants. It can cause pain during urination, bleeding between periods, abnormal vaginal discharge, and discomfort during sexual intercourse.

Vulvovaginitis (vulva and vagina):

Vulvovaginitis is inflammation of the vulva and vagina, which can be caused by fungal or bacterial infections or the use of external irritants. Candidiasis, a fungal infection, is one of the most common causes and usually presents with genital itching, burning, thick white discharge, and a strong/fishy odour.

Furthermore, in postmenopausal women, reduced oestrogen levels can cause thinning and dryness of the vaginal and vulvar tissues, increasing susceptibility to irritation and discomfort. This set of symptoms is known as Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause (GSM), formerly referred to as atrophic vaginitis.

Most common related symptoms

Pain when urinating is often accompanied by other symptoms that can provide clues about the underlying cause of the condition. Identifying these signs is essential to determining whether it is a urinary tract infection, inflammation, or even an underlying gynaecological condition.

Many women may experience only a couple of these symptoms, while others may have a more extensive combination, which could indicate a more advanced infection.

Among the most common symptoms are:

1. Intense and constant need to urinate.
2. Pain or burning sensation when urinating.
3. Frequent urination in small amounts.
4. Blood in the urine (haematuria).
5. Vaginal odour.
6. Cloudy urine with a strong odour.
7. Swelling of the genital area.
8. Feeling of pressure in the lower abdomen.
9. Mild fever in cases of infection.

In any case, if symptoms intensify, persist for several days, or cause significant discomfort, it is advisable to see a urogynaecology specialist for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Risk factors

Women may have various conditions that increase their risk of developing urinary tract infections or inflammation. These include:

If you use certain types of contraceptives:

Some contraceptive methods, such as diaphragms or spermicides, can alter the pH balance of the vagina, reducing the protective flora and facilitating the proliferation of bacteria.

If you are sexually active:

Sexual intercourse can facilitate the entry of bacteria into the urethra, increasing the risk of infections.

Due to prolonged use of urinary catheters:

Urinary catheters can cause irritation and facilitate the colonisation of bacteria in the bladder.

Changes in the immune system:

Conditions such as diabetes or treatments with immunosuppressants can weaken the body's defences, making it easier for infections to develop.

If you are pregnant:

During pregnancy, hormonal changes can affect the functioning of the urinary tract, increasing the risk of urinary tract infections.

Treatment of pain when urinating

There is no specific treatment for pain when urinating, as the underlying cause must be treated.

In the case of bacterial infections, prescribed antibiotics are usually the first line of defence, as they eliminate the bacteria responsible for the infection and reduce inflammation of the urinary tract. However, there are other treatments available, including:

1. Antibiotic or cortisone creams: They help to relieve irritation and redness in the affected area, especially in cases of external inflammation or irritation of the genital mucosa.

1. Antibiotic tablets: They are prescribed to treat mild to moderate urinary tract infections and prevent them from spreading to the kidneys.

1. Suppositories:: They are used in some cases of associated gynaecological infections that may be causing pain when urinating, promoting the restoration of the balance of the vaginal flora.

1. Oestrogen-based vaginal creams: Recommended for women in menopause who suffer from vaginal dryness, as they help improve tissue hydration and reduce burning sensations and discomfort.

How can bladder infections be prevented?

Preventing urinary tract infections is key to avoiding pain when urinating and protecting the health of the lower urinary tract. Therefore, adopting healthy habits can significantly reduce the risk of developing this type of condition.

Here are some recommendations for keeping your bladder healthy and preventing discomfort:

1. Maintain proper personal hygiene.
2. Drink plenty of fluids to help dilute urine and facilitate the elimination of bacteria through the urinary tract.
3. Avoid irritating chemicals in the intimate area.
4. Urinate frequently and empty your bladder completely.
5. Keep the genital area dry and wear cotton underwear.

And remember: your pharmacy can advise you from the outset and help you choose the best solution for your needs. 

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the most common complications if I have cystitis?

If not treated properly, cystitis can lead to kidney infections, bladder damage or recurrent infections that affect quality of life.

What foods should I eat to avoid pain when urinating?

It is recommended to consume foods rich in vitamin C, such as blueberries, as they help prevent bacterial growth in the bladder.

Is it possible to have cystitis and thrush at the same time?

Yes, both conditions can coexist, especially if the balance of the vaginal flora is disrupted by antibiotic use or hormonal changes.

Sources:

Cystitis: https://www.cun.es/enfermedades-tratamientos/enfermedades/cistitis /https://www.cmasalud.com/noticias-ginecologia/todo-lo-que-tienes-que-saber-de-la-cistitis/

Cervicitis: https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cervicitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20370814

Vulvovaginitis: https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000897.htm